Thalassaemie is a disease affecting the red blood cells, producing either no or too little hemoglobin, which is used by red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. Lack of hemoglobin results in reduced oxygen to every cell in the body. Thalassaemia is caused by mutations in the DNA of cells that make hemoglobin. Such mutations are passed from parents to children. Main Symptoms: Fatigue and weakness. Pale or yellowish skin. Delayed growth Shortness of breath. Abdominal swelling. Bone deformities. Frequent inflammations. Thalassemia is a group of inherited diseases that cannot be prevented. A person with thalassaemia or trait should consult a specialist in genetic disorders. To prevent vertical transmission, premarital screening is recommended to verify whether man or woman carries mutant-chains on genes are inherited blood disorders characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production. Symptoms depend on the type and can vary from none to severe. Often there is mild to severe anemia (low red blood cells). Anemia can result in feeling tired and pale skin. There may also be bone problems, an enlarged spleen, yellowish skin, and dark urine. Slow growth may occur in children. Thalassemias are genetic disorders inherited from a person's parents. There are two main types, alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia. The severity of alpha and beta thalassemia depends on how many of the four genes for alpha globin or two genes for beta globin are missing. Diagnosis is typically by blood tests including a complete blood count, special hemoglobin tests, and genetic tests. Diagnosis may occur before birth through prenatal testing. Now in Duhok city more than 1000 patients registered. Treatment depends on the type and severity. Treatment for those with more severe disease often includes regular blood transfusions, iron chelation, and folic acid. Iron chelation may be done with deferoxamine or deferasirox. Occasionally, a bone marrow transplant may be an option. Complications may include iron overload from the transfusions with resulting heart or liver disease, infections, and osteoporosis. If the spleen becomes overly enlarged, surgical removal may be required.